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_ By Mildred R.Wightmcm
. Progress Report II4 (Filing Code: 16-3-3)
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
School of Home Economics
ond
Deporfmenf ol: Agricultural Economics
LEXINGTON

 
 HOW MOTHERS FEEL ABOUT THE MILK DRINKING HABITS
OF THEIR TEENAGE DAUGHTERS  
_ By MILDRED R. WIGHTMAN y
In this country of great abundance, the average American teenage girl lives on a poor
diet--one only slightly better than that in many of the world's underprivileged areas.
She has the least adequate diet of any member of her family.
WHY?
1. Her teen years are an emotionally trying period.
2. Regular eating habits at home often give way to snacks with the crowd.
3. She may skip breakfast and replace it by a mid-morning snack of potato chips and
II k H ‘ kl ·
co e or other soft drm PERCENT
4. She may slight the evening meal 50
because of a similar afternoon
snack and then eat more of the
same "empty calories" during if-.;...;
the evening. 40  
5. Her milk consiunption decreases  
at this time. 30  
A Louisville study of teenage i _·_`V    
girls showed that: ‘ "  
20 _  
14 percent drank no milk.   _
16 percent drank milk at 1 meal.   .»._ — _. -   I
jg TVEI   · . V
27 percent drank milk at 2 meals. Q} “=_V_“. ·  -; .
43 percent drank milk at 3 meals. g   —’—L~_-‘4   :‘tV I  
NONE AT ONE AT TWO AT THREE
MEAL MEALS MEALS
-. FIG. 1 -- MILK DRINKING FREQUENCY OF TEENAGE GIRLS.
l_/ Department of Agricultural Economics and School of Home Economics, cooperating. This report is a contribution
to Southern Regional Research Project SM—13R, "Why Consumers Select Specified Foods. " Data were collected
from 572 families in louisville, Ky. in the spring of 1958. Families with teenage daughters were singled out for
special analysis. Ninety-four girls from 77 families were included in the study.
Special acknowledgment is made of the assistance of Dr. Abby L. Marlatt, Director of the School of Home Eco-
` nomics, and john B. Roberts, Professor of Agricultural Economics.
Q] Assistant Professor of Home Economics
-3-

 IN BRIEF, WHAT DO MOTHERS THINK ABOUT THE MILK-DRINKING HABITS OF
THEIR TEENAGE DAUGHTERS?
I. Seventy-five percent feel that their daughters need milk just as much after they start to
high school as they did before.
2. Eighty-nine percent think that "you never outgrow your need for milk. "
3. Seventy—one percent think that three glasses a day is about the right amount of milk for an
adult.
FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE MOTHERS' AND DAUGHTERS‘ ATTITUDES AND
HABITS TOWARD MILK DRINKING PROBLEMS ARE:
PERCENT I. The girl's age. I
As she grew older, she drank
60 less milk (Fig. 2).
ll?] GIRLS 13-15 YEARS OLD 2. The mother's education. -
GIRLS H5`]9 YEARS OLD Girls whose mothers had grade
50 school education only drank
milk least frequently. Those
whose mothers had gone to I
4Q ` college drank milk most fre-
quently (Fig. 3).
3. The mother's background I
30 (rural or urban). I
Girls whose mothers came from I
an urban area drank milk more
20 frequently than did those whose
mothers were from a rural area
(Fig. 4).
I0
. I I
NONE AT ONE AT TWO AT THREE
MEAL MEALS MEALS
FREQUENCY OF DRINKING
FIG. 2. -- RELATIONSHIP OF A GIRLIS AGE TO THE FREQUENCY OF I-HER
DRINKING MILK.
-4-

 · PERCENT ·
60l
2 SOME OR ALL GRADE SCHOOL
I SOME OR ALL HIGH SCHOOL
50 % SOME OR ALL COLLEGE
  A 
40   %
I /
3¤ 1 /   %
%   %
I %  A  %
FIG. 3. -- RELATIONSHIP OF 20   . %
E ¥i3‘%?£?§R§E§%?f§3£?E§   %   %
DAUGI-ITER'?MILK DRINKING. _ il I   I ‘  
"°"‘ "Jé`iT‘ ‘JElYS° ALIEESE
° FREQUENCY OF DRINKING
PERCENT 
5°   :::2;
40 ` ‘
30
20 .  
0 NONE AT ONE AT TWO AT THREE   II-_I_IEiII)I;EUGH-
MEAL MEM-5 MEA!-S T;;R·s MILK DRINKING.
FREQUENCY OF DRINKING
...5-

 MEAL-TIME BEVERAGES OF TEENAGE GIRLS —
Although consumption was not so high as it should have been, milk was the most popular V
of all beverages at meal time. t
Milk consumption with meals was higher for girls in the 13 to 15 age group than for the
older group.
Consumption of milk was higher in cold than in warm weather. Seventy—one percent A
of all girls drank it for lunch in cold weather. _
Drinking coffee for breakfast increased as age increased: 20 percent of all older girls
drank coffee compared with 10 percent of the younger group.
Thirty-one percent of all girls drank iced tea for supper in warm weather.
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-7-

 SNACK-TIME BEVERAGES OF TEENAGE GIRLS
Older teenagers (16-19 years) chose soft drinks more often than milk for both afternoon
and evening snacks, regardless of the season.
The 13 to 15 age group chose milk more often than soft drinks for snacks at all times.
Milk was more popular for an evening than for an afternoon snack with all girls. .
-8-

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..9-

 WHY DRINK MILK INSTEAD OF SOFT DRINKS?
Mothers were asked how they would encourage their daughters to drink milk instead of .
soft drinks;
38 percent would mention that milk contributes to her good looks, trim figure, good
nutrition and general health. I
16 percent would mention that the calcium in milk builds strong bones and teeth. K
15 percent would say that milk contributes to a smooth, clear complexion.
4 percent would tell her that they object to her drinking soft drinks. ,
27 percent did not know or gave no answer.
MOTHERS' IDEAS OF WHY THEIR DAUGHTERS CHOOSE V
SOFT DRINKS INSTEAD OF MILK _
When mothers were asked why they thought their daughters drank soft drinks instead of milk:
34 percent thought it was because they wanted to show independence, keep up with the
crowd and be socially accepted, and presumably a soft drink has more social prestige
than a glass of milk.
16 percent thought it was because they liked soft drinks better. _
15 percent thought it was a habit. i
10 percent thoughtit was because soft drinks were cheaper, easier to get, and sometimes
milk was notyavailable.
4 percent thought it was because soft drinks were not served often enough at home, and
therefore they chose them when they were away. _
21 percent did not know or gave no answer.
..10..

 I HOW TO PROVIDE _FOR DAUGI-ITERS' MILK NEEDS
Here are mothers' suggestions for providing for their daughters' milk needs if they do not
drink milk:
·(Some mothers gave more than one suggestion. Thus, percentages do not total 100)
A Use it in prepared dishes (no dish specifically named) ——--——————-— 40%
Use it in puddings and custards ———-——-——---——-—-——————--——-———— 27%
Use cheese —----——-———-—-———--—-————-—————————-———---—-———--— 18%
_ Use flavored milk —--———---—-——--—--——-————-—--———-—-—--—-—-—— 17%
Use cream soups ———-———————--——-—--—-—-———————-——-----—---—-— 14%
Use creamed vegetables ————--——------—-—---———--—----—-—--——— 14%
Use milk sauces and gravies —————-—---———————--——-———-----————— 7%
Serve ice cream ——----———--———-—--—-———-—-————--—-—-—~-—————-— 6%
Serve milk with cereal ——-—-————————-—-——-—-—-—————-——---——---— 5%
Use vitamin and calcium supplements ——————--———-———-——————————— 4%
Don't know and no answer ——--—-—--————--——-———————-——--—————-— 16%
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO INCREASE TEENAGE GIRLS' USE OF MILK
1. Emphasize the idea that milk is not merely a food for growth, but one that is needed through-
out life.
2. Stress the idea that milk contributes to health and vigor and is no more fattening than other
moderate calorie foods.
3. Glamourize milk as an appropriate drink for snacks and social occasions, such as on a date,
a school club meeting, or with a meal away from home.
4. Have milk readily available in vending machines and at a popular price and many teenagers
probably would continue to choose it instead of shifting to soft drinks and/or coffee.
3M~4—62