xt78kp7tpb7p https://exploreuk.uky.edu/dipstest/xt78kp7tpb7p/data/mets.xml  Atticus, 1835 or 6-1912 1875 235 p. 19 cm; Errata slip laid in. books  English Preston, "Chronicle", 1875 Contact the Special Collections Research Center for information regarding rights and use of this collection.  Sights and incidents; or, Places and faces. Miscellaneous etching and sketching text Sights and incidents; or, Places and faces. Miscellaneous etching and sketching 1875 1875 2015 true xt78kp7tpb7p section xt78kp7tpb7p .•z"‘*—!·*Lr1"·<'*`A-` use
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4] SIGHTS AND INGIDENTS,
7
  cm,
· PLACES AND FACES *
J §
M1s001la,ne0us Etchmg and Sketchmg, g
io BY "ATTICUS" A
S l (ANTHONY HEWITSON). A
i Aut71m· of Portraits of Local Lcgislnfors; fha (7hure%es and  
I Chapds of Prusfon: O0lL77fl’_7/ C]LI!7'C7l,6S and C']:,apeZs;  
{I Stonyhmwt Collage-/Jas! and Prrsmt; and g
  Joint Editor 0f the TyZ¢ZcsZcy Diary. E
I , ...
1 4
A Show me the place.—Shak.spcm. `
Q_ Compare our faces, and be judge y0ursc1f.—Ibid. ~
zi `
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lj PRESTON:
  Pmxuzu AND PUBLISHED AT Tum “CHROIiI; , q
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AMONGST THE SHAKERS. 2
. -·>·>—>+<·<—-— 5
We had an irrepressible longing one warm, sunny ’
Sunday afternoon, some time ago, whilst in London, to A
` I see " the Shakers." We felt sure they were fools—perl1aps _ °
of the honest sort, perhaps not—and that was one reason
why we desired to see them. Whatever philosophers may ,
, l say, and however much straighblacedipcople may shrug  
their shoulders, it is a very interesting sight to see a cou- l
' , gregation of harmless human geese, if it be only for the  
» · sake of the reaction you get, by comparison, on the side of ‘
sense, and for the pleasure you experience in knowing you `
_ are not one of them. Blockheads,by their vagaries, only
tend to strengthen rational action by the law of contrast; _
and that is their mission--they are fools in order that other ,
` people may be wise. Another reason why we desired to _
see " the Shakers" was this—we wanted to see how far it
. . was possible folly of the religious order could go, what  
n' sort of people those were who did the job in the cleanest ‘
` fashion, and how much bliss on their side and fun on ours .
A could be extracted out of the job. Mark Twain once met ’
a man in the regions of Frisco who asked him whore he
could get st laugh, and said he was dying for one; and we l
were somewhat in that same plight ; but our joy had to be
of a seriously-comic type, for the day was Sunday. And
_ 3 of all the clays in the week Sunday is the slowest, the
saddest, the stupidest in London; so that of itself was V '
· a sufficient inducement to get near some kind of alllomus,
- ‘ even if he had a dash of theology in his programme. we T
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  i 3 had a friend of the male order of creation with us, and
    § ' . what the thoughts in his mental apparatus were, we know `
`     pi not; but the foregoing were current in ours. After _  
    .§ indulging in a cheap go·ahead tea, in one of the con- » "
V Y   Tl verging streets of Westminster, we sallicd out for the ‘ ‘
( " _   ' Shakers. " Whereabouts do the Shakers meet ?" said we _ ,,.6
    = to a sharp·looking London youth at the parliamentary  ,..
 _   , end of Westminster Bridge, and he mentioned some {  
E   g   .; distant place on the other side of that arched and notable ·i
l   p   Q structure. We posted to the other end, enqnired again, .
l   g       received a weak reply, felt dubious, then hailed a ’bus
X     `   conductor, and, with a smile in his eye, as if he knew we
[     .? were after something either not over serious or very
t   g   much so, he replied—" Oh, they‘vc gone to Chelsea-
i g   g { gone some weeks since-the shop was too hot up 'ere for
i         ’em." Chelsea thereupon became our cynosure; we were _
l   E  , I ' back again over Westminster Bridge immediately,
i <     K, and in a few minutes Father Thames and his
g {   i   dog saw us steaming away from the pier there.
g _       It was splendid sailing up the 1·iver that bright .
i >   ¥ ,, Sunday evening: the water was gently studded
i `       with steam and sailing boats; St. Stephen’s rose up
] ,_       majestically on the right; St. Th0mas‘s Hospital—theu
g I Q      in course of erection—lo0ked elaborate and massive on the
i   ‘§§§     left; and the Thames stretched out far ahead, with
{ jg       bridges crossing it at intervals. After halting at and
  Q       leaving in the rear several landing stages, we finally came _
i       [ `V to Cardogan Pier, and in a moment or two afterwards
» ~       were within the borders of Chelsea and within a good stone
l   V   throw of Thomas Car1yle’s house. But we were more bent ’
[ x       upon curiosity and sensation than reflection and philoso— Q
i   {.    phy, and after a variety of inquiries, and sundry turnings,
i I §     wefoundourselves inasmall,out-of-the-way, semi—l>arbaric
L “ 1 f  I region, on the north-western side of Chelsea, called Little ‘
Q     ZZ   College·street. It there ever were a college in this street
¥   {   it must, judging of the locality——the dingy houses, the p
i   g   §   strange grirny·1ooking children, and the idle hanging-on
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  !   inquiring, so mysterious and tortuous was the way, until
 E '    right upon it—made youngsters and upgrown people, too,
  ._ ; smile and prick their ears; they saw at once that we
  l meant Shakcrism, and that was evidently the synonym of T {
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  AMONG ST TIIE SHAKERS. 3
M something very ludicrous and contemptible in even their
' benighted minds. Street architecture got commoner, and
, little lads and lasses got noisier and dirtier, and upgrown
s 4 "   r folks looked rougher, the nearer we got to the desiderated
‘ * tabernacle. At last—after passing two or three men sell-  
Q ing satirical songs and hymns about the Shakers, and S
A »_   V _ after walking under a sort of hayloft-floor surmounting a ;
r_   narrow passage, we sighted, perhaps nfty yards ahead, in {
li M a small thoroughfare, a few people hanging about the  
, front of a barn like building, with windows newly driven  
into its walls. This was the temple of the Shakers—the
` mysterious new sect whose worship consisted of dancing, `
and jumping, and hugging, and kissing, and all that sort V
of {ine midsummer-night madness. A serious-looking man 4
stood at the door of the building, and we understood from *
_ him that, owing to the troublesome congregations and dis- A
turbances there had been in the establishment, a charge I
for admission—the money to go towards defraying the ‘
expenses of tl1e plaee—was made. Threepence each . g
_ was the charge; we paid the money like lambs ; Z
and " walked in." The congregation at this particular `
time was slender—strikingly soleihn and quiet in some ,
quarters, and quite inquisitive and inclined to be lively in  
others. We took our stand amongst the latter portion of , l
the congregation, and gazed about with no small amount i  
of curiosity. The " chapel," or whatever might be its E
name, was about as plain and unsentimental as an unraked i
A haystaek. The walls were rough and whitewasl1ed,the
woodwork of the windows, some of which had evidently _
» been smashed with stones, was unpainted; the roof was V ~
common and open to the rafters; and the " furniture " ~
` consisted of a number of common forms, some being ranged `
in a square, some parallel, and some mounted upon the '
- steps of a low, open gallery at one end. The square, if
one may speak like an Irishman, was, as we afterwards I
found, the " charmed cirele," for here the majority of the
i Shakers congregatcd, and here the great bulk of the ,
dancing and kissing was done. People kept dropping in ; 4 °
but many of them seemed to be of our sinful stamp : they
had just come to look on, to get a sensation, to laugh, to
wonder, and to go away smirking and mystitied. The ,
" regular " congregation—those who might be set down as
,» { Shakers, or in a shaking state—would number about 40 ; 3
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‘     4 AMONGST THE SHAKERS. I -
    I and they were of all ages and conditions—young, aged,
  I   middle-aged, and mainly of the working class order.
`   ; I I Whatever they could have got into their heads to join
I, I   I such a denomination was the predominant mystery. They
` I; . .    I had an earnest, serious look—greeted one another with a .
I `     T kiss as they entered, sat down upon the forms sedately and
g I   I ` solemnly, then coolly turned on one side, and, smiling  
I     I I pleasantly at the adjoining person, closed in, and gave I
I   Q   Ii ~ that said person, whether male or female, a kiss. After  
I   I         the osculation they sat still-musing, turning their thumbs,
I I       II   and occasionally smirking right out into something very
I ’       I near a full, open laugh. At half-past six o‘cloclc a thin,
I     II   saffron-featured woman, with`a quick eye and Yankee
I  X:
I ,   I II I cheek bones, came to the front of the platform and
I Q     I.   gave out a hymn. She had a sharp, keen look, and
I     I     was evidently of the impassioned, strong-minded —
I j I        WPG- Perhaps she would be somewhere about ,
I I   I   fifty years of age, and she wore an air of shrewd-
I       II I ness—of mental dexterity and coolness which at least
I   I ·;?   commanded respect? Very soon after the singing had
I i,       I commenced, a shoemaking-looking fellow, with a con- _
I ‘   I     siderable quantity of iiair on his head, who was seated
  I         near the sacred " ci1·cle," began to make a stir with his
  i         feet as if he had got the cramp in them; directly after- _
I ii       I wards he appeared to swoon over; then he jumped up and
I VQ ,L     began dancing——lilting up and down rapidly, and turning
I     I   I now and then; in about a minute he was got within the
I n       I " circle," and he had a spell of jumping and turning for
I   ‘   I   about twenty minutes. How he stood it—why he did not »
I     ; sit down or fall down, and confess that he was flagged with
I I   y the job—was to us a mystery. His endurance was
I     iI I really amazing: he was never still a moment during the
1 A   I   I whole of the twenty minutes; he panted, sweat, jerked,
I J I       jumped, and wheeled about, and his hair flopped up and
I gi   ,I   down as if St. Vitus had got him right. At length he
I   I j.   I . quietened d0wn—went slower and slower, likea train when
I   I     ’» it is approaching a station platform; and finally he sat
I     I     down upon a form and was himself in almost no time,
‘i   I   · showing no great signs of exhaustion, and directly enter- ·
  i   I ing into conversation with a young man adjoining. There `
 °     was much smiling, which sometimes resolved itself into
 1 I   ` audible laughter, whilst this man was jerking and gyrating
  ` I I I —we mean on the part of the spectators, who clearly con-
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sidered the fellow a " gone sparrow," and no mistake.
Whilst he was dancing about, the singing was kept
up, and it not only invigorated him, but seasoned
others for a like performance. It mellowcd them
‘ down into a half sentimental, half hysterie frame. Quickly, j
after the man had got seated, there came a sigh and a  
  short stifled scream from a. young female-—a girl of e
5;, perhaps 18-and she soon began jumping, and was con-  
· L ducted into the circle where she rattled away amazingly. _,
Sho was followed by a. young man, who was first seized l
with a kind of fit, and then with a spasmodic jerking.
They danced together vigorously, and now and then 4
collided and kissed. This kissing caused much mirth
amongst the bystanders. Another young woman was next ,
" seized :" she fluttered faintingly on the form, a young l
` woman held her head, nursed her a little, and then off V
’ she went into a dancing attitude, and dirled about merrily I
on the floor———followed (this seemed somehow to be '
a sort of inevitable consequence when a female got up) by ·
a man, who joined in the romping. There were now two j
· couples on the floor, and others were in a state of pre-
paration—kissing one another on the forms, pawing one E
another’s faces, leaning upon each other‘s shoulders, and g
· generally getting into a most comicnlly uneasy and moon-  
struck condition. -A portion of Scripture was read about  
this time, followed by another hymn ; and the music and
dancing seemed to act in a talismanic manner upon
those who were disposed to somnihc and saltatory
T performances. Four couples were at length whirling —
and jumping upon the floor; the singing was brisk; ‘
the kissing was brisker; and the laughing which would ‘
have been awfully out of joint at an ordinary ,
devotional meeting, but which could not be avoided at  
fhis—was brisker still. " Stir it up—go it "—said a
smart, swellish young fellow, as he stood gazing at the Z
dancers kissing and wheeling and flinging themselves
about. " Oh Crickey—l0ok at the cove," burst out a quick- g
witted Cockney youth when a heavy set man in the circle
j smashed in with a kiss upon a good·looking young woman
and then whizzed her round in adouble-quick waltz fashion.
Both seemed to like it, and they drove on merrily. “ She‘s ‘
a-going " one heard every now and then, from some critical
_ spectator as a young or old female began to drop over; and :
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        E A by and bye 011 turning on one side we espied the Cockney
_   l     ¥ yvlltll peering in amongst the spectators at the higher end,
yl Q   y , and, pointing to ayoungfellow there, heard him say " He’S
  *   i a-going." That young fellow—whom we had been eyeing
,   ;; _ I for some time—was a strong-built, red-necked individual,
| _  , j' 3 like a bricklayer, and whether foxing or in earnest we
l rj; ; _ , can’t tell, but he was being attentively "nurscd." Ho had a ‘
5  Y   ,¤§ Q hiccuping motion about the throat every now and then · `
Q   l { fj,   as if bordering upon a convulsicn (they all showed this
Q 7; I { ig;   Symptom before getting into the dancing attitude) ;but
l   Y   ‘i. i he did not seem to get on with the job properly, and
l E   ` never, so far as we observed, " went ofl`." Two strong,
l ;   ‘   , plump, young women at the lower side of the
l     I r j   Q " circ1o" had ‘a desperate struggle of the interlocked sort:
l     3   _ one began to swoon; the other nursed her; then she
1 E     l i 3 , , commenced swooning; and then they began hugging each
l     V Q ,   Z other on thc form—a species of sitting wrestling match:
l L ii 1 l ,, 1 they caressed and squeezed one another, swayed about,
y {     I Q, perspired, and struggled in this way for perhaps fifteen
Q ` €   \'jQE   minutes. The conflict was of a most seriously-ludicrous
l v       Q character, and did really seem to be, as awag near us
y i A       whispered, "a sheer waste of force." As a rule, the _
, E J     E i kissing and the squeezing of this strange religion was of
l `Q     I     ·   U16 Hi1t¤1‘v·l kind—that is to say, the males would kiss and
i 5       ; hug the females, and vice ecrsri. What this had to do
l         Q with religion we can’t tell; but it formed the chief part
, *§   Q     of the programme, and the devotees—those who " went
i       T}! 1 oii”’ properly into dancing, gesticulating, &c,, seemed to
i ’ I pg   { throw their whole heart and soul into the work and to en-
E   ' Q { [ joy it. The bulk of the females—at any rate the younger
| ,_ ‘ Q   ` 0nes——were good-looking and well dressed, and they
5 f     1 were on all occasions duly attended to by the
5 J {   _ males. Not once did a comely young maiden
I A ‘     figure long in that precious circle without being
g   1     , speedily joined by some one of the other sex; and "
;     l ;g ¤ that made the business rather suspicious. In the gallery
l   g     ` i _ '1 there was a very good—looking young woman, with a heap
E         ` of style about her—ringlets, rufiles, bib and tucker, dsc.-
Ep ,   ` and we had a notion that she would, owing to the supe-
  K     riority of her look, be Erm enough and sensible enough to
  ·     keep out of the dancing ring ; but she at length began to
T. ll turn pale, to chuckle in the throat, and to swoon over;
,‘ =i ` and when in n. semi-unconscious state she was nursed a
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. AMONG ST THE SHAKERS. 7
A little by a young man, and then guided down, like a mes-
merised subject, into the circle, where she directly became
very lively and eccentric. She jumped, and wheeled, and
danced—danced till she panted, danced all her ringlcts
straight out until her hair came over her face and ,
had to be thrown hack by some of tl1e brethren. °
, Occasionally she would stop a little; but she quickly re- l
_ ~ sumed her jumping and arm-{linging, and one or two males ;
did not forget to attend to the osculating part of the busi-  
ness. During the proceedings a little girl was " seized"— ,
began jilting and dancing, and this was about the most T
paiufulpart of thebusiness. We could stand the young men
and women and the older hands going through this oscil- ‘
lating, saltatory tom-foolery ; but when a quiet, neat little _
girl, about eight years old, was allowed to enter into the E
nonsense, it did seem too bad—crucl, and, as we thought,
positively vitiating. The female conductor, with whom 1
our friend conversed once or twice, appeared to think the
whole of the exhibitions very wonderful and excellent.
She alleged that the dancing, instead of weakening
actually strengthened those who participated in it ; that it
was the spirit of God operating upon them; that influence of _
‘ this kind, directfrom the great Author of Life, was infinitely  
superior to the recognised aillatus of modern Spiritualism ; Z
and that she on one occasion was under the " influence" Q
for three hours, dancing and jumping all the time, and  
was more refreshed at the finish than at the beginning!
Of course, it was all a delusion, this mcrcurial Shaker-
ism; but the brethren went in for it keenly, and some of
them vehemently. When we left—train arrangements i
compelled us to go about S o‘clock—the Shakers were _
playing high jinks, and no mistake. There were twelve
persons, young and old dancing; there were others sitting 1
on the forms leaning upon each 0ther’s shoulders, passing ‘
,, their hands under each other’s ehins, dsc. ; some were .
singing; some ejaculating wildly ; some twitching and `
groaning ; whilst kisses were flying in all directions—there A
was a fire of them—long, short, subdued, noisy, and eH'erves· E
eing; some, too, which seemed to be driven right in, like a
tenpenny nail hammered up to the head; and we have a
strong idea that very many present as spectators ,
had a strong hankering to be in at that game. One young
fellow near us could hardly be held back. " I’ll have n A

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{Q   go " he said to his comrade, when the game was at its ,
    E height ; but he was, after some diihculty, persuaded off it.
` if   i He was not a Shaker; but had a lively faith in kissing.
it i§’ Y How the proceedings wound up after we left we cannot
4 i ij;} tell; but we saw enough to convince us that Shakerism
[ ~ ?   was a delusion, that its more vehement manifestations
  Q ·   were based upon physiological weakness, and that it
i  _ ~ X   i ` would have been a dismal aifair all through, if something ·
_   ii ~i ~y very much akin to a heap of courting and caressing
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2
A DEEP HOLE.—ON THE BANK OFIT. ,
Rogues, holed pockets, and draw-wells arc deep ; love is 2
deep when you are over head and ears in it ; sleep is deep `
when water has to be thrown upon you to waken you up ;
but a hole half a mile deep—" straight up and down," .
- with no halting place nearer than the bottom if you
should happen to tumble in—is deeper still. We have Q
seen even a deeper hole than that, but it was about {
240,000 miles oi°i`——a very safe and comfortable distance ; ;
that particular hole was in the moon, and as we looked i
at it through a telescope the information conveyed to us
was that it was about three miles deep I The- special hole
we have now to deal with is much nearer home than that A
-—is on·" this terrestrial ball," as Dr. Watts would say;
and being about half a mile from top to bottom is quite 4 ;
* ' deep enough for ordinary mortals to deal with and talk 3
about. It is about 17 miles south of I’reston—on the out-  
skirts of Wigan; and, speaking plainly, is a coal pit. It F
is the Arley Mine—one of the Rose Bridge Collieries. Its V
depth is S15 yards—close upon half a mile ; and it is the
· deepest perpendicular mine now worked in the world. Out
V of curiosity we one day went to see this extraordinary in- .
sertion in Mother Earth-—to view its surface and sur·
roundings, to descend it, to see what was going on below, ·
and then to get out of it as fast as possible, and chuckle in ;
the consciousness that we had managed what the Yankees '
would call a "big thing." And we were quite successful 4
all through—going down and coming up with fear and l
I trembling, and rejoicing as if we had got a new skin with
never a hole in it when we stood on terra firma and saw ,
day light again. What we noticed on the way and above this i
marvellous hole must form one chapter; what we observed
i and experienced in the shaft and below will constitute
· materials for another. Going to Wigan on a wet or ~
murky day is something like going into a cellar without
a light; but we were favoured with particularly fine i

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, 3     10 A DEEP IIOLE.—ON THE BANK OF IT.   l
5 i rv,
`     weather, and there was consolation of no insignificant { p.
. "   order in this circumstance. On moving-by train——up '
f [ {fig, an incline, called " Coppull Brow," we had clear indica-
. ?`     tions of what had to follow : we here met with the
, , E ` E   " shadows" of " coming events:" ut the side and in the
y _ [ ` ,.   distance there were coal heaps, elevated wheels whirl-
l  _   é   ing round in couples ; tramways, brawny men,
1     fil; sable as chimney sweeps, on bank tops; and now and A
l Q     then a few females, connected with thc pits, with faces
E Q {   beautifully smudged, but chiefly conspicuous on account
Y ,>     of the trousers they wore. Wigan station was quickly
i       reached after this; and on getting to the town it seemed
; ,   `   to be all hill and hollow, with an everlasting amount of
E Q .       irregular antiquated masonry about it-—litt1e stone houses
L   { l     built at all angles and of all shapes, with a heavy melan-
i   Z ml; choly-looking church tower on the higher side, a few
{   _ large new muuufactories, &c., on the outskirts, and some
t l   Qi] beautiful-looking gentle1nen’s seats, on cominanding,
E _ { _, i   wued»crowned eminences in the distance. We were soon '
y `y l     out of the station, and in due time rattling through Wigan
i         in a cnb—up streets, down streets, round street corners,and
l y   g   El through a dense, swarthy, hegrimed population, clearly in-
2 > 5` i   ii, M dicating the contiguity of coal mines, and the wives and
i f,       weuns of colliers. The children in some of the side and
! is     out-of-the-way streets had a tag-ragged and hareiooterl up·
      E     pearance, butthcy allseemcd cheerful, and through the dir- _
E   E     tiest visage there eameaglenrn of content. Of eourse,conteut
] {   t   is a comparative thing; some people are happy in lui1‘S '
E n       approaching pigsties; some are blued-up in palaces; these
I i Mgt? Ylliganers, whom we passed, had evidently dispositions
i i         belonging to the former category, with a come-day·go·day
i       li easiness about them, and, amongst all their begrimement,
I j E   ~    were quiet and civil. Our journey inthe cub was along a
',   n     Ki series of streets paved in the old Cyclopean style, and con- .
{   j E ly it siderablv rougher than a corduroy road ; and o. humming,
i         whizzing noise which came from one of the wheels of the
    u   ,     vehicle did not add to the pleasure of the situation; but
F]   {     ;y it was soon over: after many windings and up and- down
it 7   ;, positions, we reached what seemed to have been in the
  .     past the entrance gates to a neat gentlemarrs seat
"     beyond, but which now wore a more business-like air-
i *    impingiug upon coal heaps, and chimneys, and steam pipes,
" ,     ,i and really forming the residence of a colliery manager-
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`" A DEEP HOLE.-—0N THE BANK OF IT. 11
·   Mr. Bryham, whom we afterwards found to be a most
courteous intelligent gentleman, of the go-a-head and
energetic type, and just the person for such e. position as
that occupied by him. On approaching this place,we felt we
were nearing no common concern : there were locomotives {
belonging to the works screaming and ilitting about ;there ,
was a huge embankment jutting outwards, like part of a g
· new railway towards Wigan, but actually the " tip heap" g
of the refuse, Sac., from the pits; there were plain and i
iron·b0und chimney stacks smoking beyond, with iron  
pipes jutting up alternately and belching out steam;
there were men and women moving about in V
various ways; and above all these were large
thin·spoked iron wheels turning rapidly in different ;
directions, and carrying the ascending and descending I
ropes of the mysterious shafts below. We in due time V
arrived at the office of the manager, presented our " cre— ` {
, dentials," and had a brief chat. This oilice is a business· `
like place, and a curiosity as well; the instruments therein
visible showed that it had telegraphic communication with
sundry places—some not far off`, others more distant, in
connection with the concern; whilst above, in a small =
room, there was a species of geological co1lection—at any g
rate a collection of strata, in a long glass case, being i
specimens of the different beds of earth, rock, coal, &c.,  
‘ passed through in sinking the pits belonging to the estab- i
Y lishment. On leaving the ollice we turn to the left, and
the first place that attracts our attention is a lamp-house
—a building set apart entirely for storing, giving out, —
taking in, replenishing, and keeping in proper order the
Davy lamps of this great colliery. There were about ‘
1,100 lamps in it; and if a man might not here be allowed ,
to " take his Davy," we should like to know the place.  
` where that particular thing would be allowed. Did you
ever see a Davy lamp ? If not, we will put in a word for .
you on the subject: a lamp of this sort is about a foot
long, two inches in diameter, with a brass bottom and ;
cap, and si